🔍 Tìm kiếm từ vựng
variance
Noun
phương sai
a measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean
"Variance is an important concept in probability theory and is used in various statistical analyses, such as hypothesis testing and regression analysis."
derivative
Noun
đạo hàm, sự dẫn xuất
the rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable
"The chain rule allows finding the derivative of composite functions, crucial for analyzing complex mathematical expressions."
integral
Noun
tích phân, tích phân xác định
a mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph
"The definite integral of a probability density function gives the probability of an event occurring within a specified range."
catastrophe theory
Noun
lý thuyết thảm họa, thuyết tai biến
a branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances
"Catastrophe theory has also been used to analyze the stability of ecosystems , the dynamics of animal behavior , and the onset of psychiatric disorders , providing insights into the underlying mechanisms driving these phenomena ."
differential
Noun
vi phân, sự thay đổi vô cùng nhỏ
(mathematics) a really small change in a function or variable
"Differential equations describe relationships involving derivatives."
logarithm
Noun
lôgarit
a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number
"Astronomers apply logarithms to express stellar magnitudes and measure the brightness of celestial objects ."
permutation
Noun
hoán vị, sắp xếp
(mathematics) a rearrangement of a set of elements in a specific order or sequence
"Permutations are used to count different ways to arrange objects ."
eigenvalue
Noun
giá trị riêng, giá trị đặc trưng
a special number used in linear algebra to describe how vectors change during transformations
"The eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix are always real numbers ."
polynomial
Noun
đa thức, biểu thức đa thức
a mathematical expression with variables raised to powers and combined using arithmetic operations
"Simple expressions like 5x are considered polynomials."
integration
Noun
tích phân
a mathematical operation that calculates the accumulation of quantities, represented as the area under a curve on a graph
"Physicists use integration to solve problems in mechanics ."
matrix multiplication
Noun
phép nhân ma trận
a mathematical operation that combines two matrices to produce a new matrix, calculated by multiplying rows and columns
"In finance , matrix multiplication is used for portfolio optimization and risk analysis ."
quadratic equation
Noun
phương trình bậc hai, phương trình toàn phương
an equation involving the square of a variable
"Factoring is a common method to solve quadratic equations when possible ."
plate
Noun
mảng, mảng kiến tạo
a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
"The movement of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate leads to the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity."
isostasy
Noun
sự cân bằng đẳng tĩnh, trạng thái cân bằng đẳng tĩnh
the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation
"Isostasy is a fundamental principle in geophysics, guiding our understanding of the dynamic balance between Earth's rigid and fluid layers."
asthenosphere
Noun
quyển mềm, lớp đá bán lỏng dưới vỏ Trái Đất
a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move
"The movement of magma from the asthenosphere to the Earth's surface leads to volcanic activity in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire."
karst
Noun
karst, cảnh quan karst
a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
"Karst aquifers are important sources of groundwater for drinking water and irrigation in many regions around the world, but they are also susceptible to contamination and pollution."
glaciation
Noun
sự đóng băng, thời kỳ băng hà
the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms
"Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California ."
moraine
Noun
băng tích, trầm tích sông băng
a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus
"Medial moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges ."
caldera
Noun
miệng núi lửa, hõm chảo núi lửa
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
"The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay."
diagenesis
Noun
sự thành tạo đá, quá trình thành tạo đá
the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock
"The study of diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation , as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs ."
metamorphism
Noun
biến chất, sự biến đổi biến chất
a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure
"Contact metamorphism happens when rocks are heated by nearby magma , leading to localized changes in the rock 's structure and composition ."
sedimentation
Noun
sự lắng đọng, quá trình lắng đọng
the process by which particles settle out of a liquid or gas due to gravity, forming a sediment layer
"Sedimentation is used in wastewater treatment to separate solids from liquids ."
faulting
Noun
đứt gãy, phay
the movement or displacement along a fracture in the Earth's crust, resulting from tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes
"Faulting is a common occurrence in regions with high tectonic activity."
aquifer
Noun
tầng chứa nước, bể chứa nước ngầm
a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater
"Pollution can contaminate an aquifer, affecting water quality ."
lahar
Noun
một lahar, dòng bùn núi lửa
a fast-moving mixture of volcanic ash, debris, and water
"Engineers analyze lahars' behavior to develop evacuation plans for at-risk communities ."
matrix
Noun
nền, vật liệu nền
(geology) the fine-grained material surrounding larger rock fragments or grains within a sedimentary rock
"Matrix cementation affects the strength and durability of sedimentary rocks ."
relay
Noun
rơ le, công tắc tự động
an electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch
"Troubleshooting the malfunctioning relay revealed a burnt coil , which was quickly replaced to restore the system 's functionality ."
ball bearing
Noun
ổ bi, vòng bi
a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races, reducing friction and enabling smooth rotation
"Electric motors benefit from ball bearings to ensure efficient and quiet rotation of the motor shaft ."
breeder reactor
Noun
lò phản ứng tái sinh, lò phản ứng nhanh tái sinh
a type of nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material than it often consumes
"Due to its ability to produce additional nuclear fuel , a breeder reactor is seen as a promising solution for long-term energy needs ."
drive shaft
Noun
trục truyền động, trục các-đăng
a mechanical component that transmits rotational power from the engine to the wheels or other driven components of a vehicle or machine
"Electric vehicles utilize a driveshaft to transfer power from the electric motor to the wheels for propulsion."